Revista nº 813

STUDY OF THE HISTOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HUMAN ORAL MUCOSA . A STEP TOWARDS THE DEVELOPEMENT OF TAI LORED-ARTI F ICIAL ORAL MUCOSA ESTUDIO DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS HISTOLÓGICAS Y ANATÓMICAS DE LA MUCOSA ORAL HUMANA. UN PASO HACIA LA FABRICACIÓN DE MUCOSA ORAL ARTIFICIAL HECHA A MEDIDA Ibáñez Cortés, Miguel 1,2 ; Garzón, Ingrid 1 1 Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain. 2 Postgraduate Master Program in Tissue Engineering and Advanced Therapies, University of Granada, Spain. Recibido: 04/08/2020 | Revisado: 05/09/2020 | Aceptado: 23/10/2020 DOI: 10.15568/am.2021.813. rev01 Actual Med. 2021; 106(813): Revisión 177-187 Ingrid Johanna Garzón Bello Department of Histology, School of Medicine. University of Granada. E-mail: igarzon@ugr.es Correspondencia ABSTRACT Several pathologies may affect the histological structure and physiology of the human oral mucosa, being necessary to use oral mucosa grafts. In this context, the scarce number of donors has increased the need to develop artificial substitutes of human oral mucosa, most of them, without attending to the histological differences found in the different anatomical areas of the oral cavity. The objective of the present bibliographic review is to carry out a histological description and a morphological classification of the human oral mucosa and to determine the translational potentiality of the new artificial models of oral mucosa. RESUMEN Diversas patologías afectan sustancialmente la estructura histológica y la fisiología de la mucosa oral humana haciendo necesario el uso de trasplantes de mucosa oral. En este contexto, el escaso número de donantes ha incrementado la necesidad de producir sustitutos artificiales de mucosa oral humana, la mayoría de ellos sin atender a las diferencias histológicas encontradas en las diferentes áreas anatómicas de la cavidad oral. El objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfica es realizar una descripción histológica y una clasificación morfológica de la mucosa oral humana y determinar la potencialidad traslacional de los nuevos modelos artificiales de mucosa oral. Palabras clave: Mucosa oral; Histología; Anatomía; Ingeniería Tisular. Keywords: Oral Mucosa; Histology; Anatomy; Tissue Engineering. Oral cavity is part of the digestive system delimited by the lips in the anterior area, by the oropharynx in the posterior area, by the hard and soft palates in the superior area and by the tongue and mouth’s floor in the inferior area. All of them are surrounded by oral mucosa, lining with the cheeks, teeths and gingiva (1). Histologically, oral mucosa is composed by superficial epithelium and undelying connective tissue and both, epithelium and connective tissues are orchestated by a basement membrane forming a mucosa with underlying less prominent submucosa (2,3). According to this, normal anatomical, histological and physiologycal conditions of the human oral mucosa could be affected by oral pathologies that may vary from infectious (ie, VIH, sifilis), traumatic (ie, traumatic ulcers, Linea Alba), congenital (ie, heterotopia, Bohn’s nodules) and oncological (ie, melanome, fibrosarcoma) diseases. In this context, current clinical treatments are mainly focused on the use of oral mucosa grafts (4-7). INTRODUCTION