25
Juan Alberto Lancina Martín
Síndrome metabólico y litiasis urinaria de ácido úrico
hombres (60,9%), esta diferencia no tuvo significación estadística
(p=0.08). El mayor riesgo cardiovascular al que están sometidos
los pacientes con litiasis pudiera aconsejar la puesta en marcha
de medidas profilácticas y de control para intentar reducir su
impacto. Futuros estudios deberán dilucidar la importancia de
esta relación y de las medidas de prevención, por las limitaciones
de nuestros resultados a la casuística de un solo centro.
REFERENCIAS
1. Eckel RH, Grundt SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lan-
cet. 2005; 365: 1415-28.
2. Nguyen NT, Magno CP, Lane KT, Hinojosa MW, Lane JS. Associa-
tion of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipedemia, and metabolic syndrome
with obesity: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examina-
tion Survey, 1999 to 2004. J Am Coll Surg. 2008; 207: 928-34.
3. Fernández-Bergés D, Cabrera de León A, Sanz H et al. Síndrome
metabólico en España: prevalencia y riesgo coronario asociado a la defi-
nición armonizada y a la propuesta por la OMS. Estudio DARIOS. Rev Esp
Cardiol. 2012; 65: 241-8.
4. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel
on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in
Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Choleste-
rol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and
Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
final report. Circulation. 2002; 106: 3143–3421.
5. Grau M, Elosua R, Cabrera de León A et al. J. Factores de riesgo
cardiovascular en España en la primera década del siglo XXI: análisis agru-
pado con datos individuales de 11 estudios de base poblacional, estudio
DARIOS. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2011; 64: 295-304.
6. Tiblin G. A population study of 50-year-old men. An analysis of
the non-participation group. Acta Med Scand. 1965; 178: 453.
7. Cirillo M, Laurenzi N. Elevated blood pressure and positive his-
tory of kidney stones: results from a population-based study. J Hypertens.
1988; Suppl 6: S485.
8. Borghi L, Meshi T, Guerra A et al. Essential arterial hypertension
and stone disease. Kidney Int. 1999; 55: 2397-406.
9. Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P, Mancini M. Kidney stones and hyper-
tension: population based study of an independent clinical association.
BMJ. 1990; 300: 1234-6.
10. Cappuccio FP, Siani A, Barba G et al. A prospective study of hy-
pertension and the incidence of kidney stones in men. J Hypertens. 1999;
17: 1017-22.
11. Strazzullo P, Barba G, Vuotto P et al. Past history of nephro-
lithiasis and incidence of hypertension in men: a reappraisal based on the
results of the Olivetti Prospective Heart Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant.
2001; 16: 2232-5.
12. Madore F, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB, Curhan CG. Nephrolithiasis
and risk of hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1998; 11: 46-53.
13. Madore F, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Curhan CG. Ne-
phrolithiasis an risk of hypertension in women. Am J Kidney. 1998; 32:
802-7.
14. Gillen DL, Coe FL, Worcester EM. Nephrolithiasis and increased
blood pressure among females with high body mass index. Am J Kidney
Dis. 2005; 46: 263-9.
15. Meydan N, Barutca S, Caliskan S, Camsari T. Urinary stone disea-
se in diabetes mellitus. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2003; 37: 64-70.
16. Zimmerer T, Weiss C, Hammes HP et al. Evaluaton of urolithiasis:
a link between stone formation and diabetes mellitus?. Urol Int. 2009;
82: 350-5.
17. Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan CG. Diabetes mellitus and the
risk of nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int. 2005; 68: 1230-5.
18. Lieske JC, De la Vega LS, Gettman MT et al. Diabetes mellitus and
the risk of urinary tract stones: a population-based case-control study. Am
J Kidney Dis. 2006; 48: 897-904.
19. Domingos F, Serra A. Nephrolithiasis is associated with an in-
creased prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant.
2011; 26:864-8.
20. Akoudad S, Szklo M, McAdams Ma et al. Correlates of kidney
stone disease differ by race in a multi-ethnic middle-aged population: the
ARIC study. Prev Med. 2010; 51: 416-20.
21. Curhan CG, Willet WC, Rimm EB, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ. Body
size and risk of kidney stones. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998; 9: 1645-52.
22. Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan CG. Obesity, weight gain, and
the risk of kidney stones. JAMA. 2005; 293:455-62.
23. Inci M, Demirtas A, Sarli B, Akinsal E, Baydilli. Association bet-
ween body mass index, liped profiles, and types of urinary stones. Renal
Failure. 2012; 34: 1140-3.
24. Jeong, IG, Park J, Kang T et al. Association between metabolic
syndrome and the presence of kidney stones in a screened population.
Am J Kidney Dis. 2011; 58: 383-8.
25. Chang IH, Lee YT, Lee DM et al. Metabolic syndrome, urine pH,
and time-dependent risk of nephrolithiasis in korean men without hyper-
tension and diabetes. Urology. 2011; 78: 753-8.
26. Binbay M, Yuruk E, Akman T et al. Updated epidemiologic study
of urolithiasis in Turkey II: role of metabolic syndrome components on
urolithiasis. Urol Res. 2012; 40: 247–52.
27. Filgueiras RD, Almeida JR, Kang HC, Rosa ML, Lugon JR. Metabo-
lic syndrome and associated urolithiasis in adults enrolled in a communi-
ty-based health program. Fam Pract. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cms075.
28. Rendina D, Mossetti G, De Filippo G et al: Association between
metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis in an inpatient population in
southern Italy: role of gender, hypertension and abdominal obesity. Ne-
phrol Dial Transplant. 2009; 24: 900-6.
29. West B, Luke A, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Cao G, Shoham D, Kramer H.
Metabolic syndrome and self-reported history of kidney stones: The Na-
tional Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994.
Am J Kidney Dis. 2008; 51: 741-7.
30. Jung HS, Chang IH, Kim KD et al. Possible relationship between
metabolic syndrome traits and nephrolithiasis: Incidence for 15 Years ac-
cording to gender. Korean J Urol. 2011; 52: 548-53.
31. Hamano S, Kakatsu H, Suzuki N, Tomioka S, Tanaka M, Murakami
S. Kidney stone disease and risk factors for cornary heart disease. Int J
Urol. 2005; 12: 859-63.
32. Raynal G, Achkar K, El Samad R, Kikassa JC, Jorest R. Cardiovas-
cular risk associated with urolithiasis. Prog Urol. 2008; 18:288-91.
33. Rule AD, Roger VL, Melton LJ et al. Kidney stones associate with
increased risk for myocardial infaction. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010; 21:1641-
4.
34. Reiner AP, Kahn A, Eisner BH et al. Kidney stones and subclini-
cal atherosclerosis in young adults: The CARDIA study. J Urol. 2011; 186:
920-5.
35. Chung SD, Liu SP, Keller J, Lin HC. Urinary calculi and an increa-
sed risk of stroke: a population-based follow-up study. BJU Int. 2012; 110:
E1053-9.
36. Schleicher MM, Reis MC, Costa SS, Rodrigues MP, Casurali LA.
Patients with nephrolithiais and blood hypertension have higher calciuria
tha those with isolated nephrolithiasis or hypertension?. Minerva Urol
Nephrol. 2009; 61: 9-15.
37. Eisner BH, Porten SP, Bechis SK, Stoller ML. Hypertension is as-
sociated with increased urinary calcium excretion in patients with nephro-
lithiasis. J Urol. 2010; 183: 576-9.
38. Taylor EN, Mount DB, Forman JP, Curhan CG. Association of pre-
valent hypertension with 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium, citrate and
other factors. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006; 47: 780-9.
39. Losito A, Nunzi EF, Covarelli E, Nunzi E, Ferrara G. Increased acid
excretion in kidney stone formers with esential hypertension. Nephrol
Dial Transplant. 2009; 34: 137-41.