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Antonio Molina Rodríguez
Daño psíquico en mujeres víctimas de violencia de género
score of the GHQ-28; these, in both cases, as indicators of the psychic
damage; and c) In turn, these GHQ scores were studied according to
the distribution of the women into the two groups of ES or EU.
The statistical software package used was STATA-12-1.
RESULTS
3.1. Descriptive analysis of the epidemiological variables.
3.1.1. Age.
The age range was found to be 31-40 years old, with 59 cases
(39.1%), followed by 41-50 years old, with 38 cases (25.2%) and 18 to
30 years old, with 34 cases (22,5%).
3.1.2. Type of Violence.
We found that 31 (20.53%) of the studypopulationhad reported
insults, coercion, contempts, personal control, etc.; and additionally
there was physical or sexual abuse or use of arms in the case of 120
women (79.47%).
3.1.3. Relationship with the aggressor.
The number of women who had a stable relationship with the
aggressor was 118 (78.50%), as opposed to 22 (14.57%) who had a
transitory relationship; the remaining 11 women responded to other
types of relationships.
3.1.4. Persistence of violence (duration and frequency).
The results show that 108 (71.52%) women suffered repeated
aggressions, whereas 43 (28.48%) reported a isolated event.
3.2. Descriptive analysis of the psychological variables.
3.2.1. “Emotional stability” and its “associated factors”.
The scores obtained are as follows: With > 4 points, indicating
EU there were 73 women (48.34%). There were 51 women (43.58%)
who obtained intermediate scores of 5-6; and 23 (8.08%) scored ≥ 7,
indicating “high emotional stability”.
According to the grouping for “associated factors”, the group of ES
women comprised 72 individuals (47.68%), and the groupof EUwomen
was somewhat greater, 79 (52.32%).
3.2.2. Goldberg´s General Health Questionnaire-28.
3.2.2.1. T-GHQ.
Our results gave a mean GHQ-T of 10.5 points (
SD
= 7.35). The
25 percentile was established at 5 points, percentile 50 at 9 points,
and percentile 75 at 16 points. The mode was the scores of 7 and 8,
with 11 cases each. The second most frequent value was a score of 0,
in ten cases. The cutoff for necessitating treatment is 17 points.
The frequencies grouped according to the level of health were:
115 women (76.16%) scored ≤ 16, while 36 (23.84%) scored ≥ 17.
A score of ≤8 indicates an “acceptable” level of health
in 73 women (48.34%). There were 42 women (27.81%) who
obtained a score between 9-16 points, corresponding to
“moderate deterioration”; and 36 women (23.84%) scored from
17-28 points.
Pharmacological treatment was indicated in at least 36 women
scoring over 17.
3.2.2.2. Score on GHQ-28 sub-scales.
GHQ-A: The mean score was 3.1 (
SD =
2.2). The number of
womenwho scored ≤ 4was 106 (70.2%); 45 (29.8%) presented scores
5-7; these women manifested psychic illness calling for treatment.
GHQ-B: The mean score was 3.5 (
SD
= 2.15). Whereas 104
women (68.87%) obtained scores from 0 to 4 points, indicating a
moderate level of anxiety, the remaining 47 (31.13%) scored 5-7,
indicating a high level of anxiety requiring treatment.
GHQ-C: The mean score was 1.8 (
SD =
1.95). It is noteworthy
that 135 (89.4%) of the women scored ≤ 4, indicating an acceptable
level of social/work adaptation. In turn, just 16 (10.60%) had scores
that signaled
withdrawal
.
GHQ-D: The mean score was 2.4 (
SD
= 2.38). In this indicator,
127 women (77.48%) scored ≤ 4; 34 women (22.52%) scored 5-7,
indicating a need for treatment.
3.3. Bivariate analysis of the epidemiological and psychological
variables.
The statistically significant correlations are presented in Table 1.
Variables
GHQ-28 scores
GHQ-A
GHQ-B
GHQ-C
GHQ-D
T-GHQ
Reference
Risk
b
p
b
p
b
p
b
p
b
p
C Factor
-.541 <.001 -.590 <.001 -.363 <.001 -.574 <.001 -2.062 <.001
Associated
factors
ES
EU 1.355 <.001 1.651 <.001 1.084 .001 1.675 <001 5.471 <.001
Relationship
with
aggressor
Stable
Transitory
.881 .052
Type
of violence
Psychic
Complex .930 .038 .853 .049
.914 .056 2.916 .049
Table 1 Bivariate analysis of the variables chosen in view of GHQ-28 scores.